Zhang Chengdong: 3G "licenses" after

3G "licenses" and enter the 3 G era is an entirely different concept. In the 3 G "license", the time to really enter the 3 G era, depends on how the next three operators "fight."

3 G licenses issued the responsibility and communication industry in 2009 as the first pile good thing. Obviously, such a sufficiently clear market signals, not only means a lot of hard cash within the next few years of continuous investment, but also means that China's telecommunications industry is about to usher in the overall upgrade.

In December 2008, Minister of Industry and Information Technology Li Yizhong talk about in 2009 when the 3G development, says that in 2009 at least 200 billion yuan invested. Datang Telecom, according to their estimates, direct investment in the next 5 years, 3G is about 1.5 trillion yuan, China's contribution to GDP is about 10 trillion yuan, an impact is quite substantial.

However be noted that, 3 G "license" and enter the 3 G era is an entirely different concept. From the former into the latter, no doubt also need the government, operators and other aspects of the continuing advance.

Bid farewell to a dominant

The current 3G market competition is already very uncertain situation. China Mobile's development from the 2G market, made this position also needs to have more play in the 3G era. As China Mobile Chairman Wang said: China Mobile to develop TD-SCDMA can not shirk responsibility. This attitude is undoubtedly China Mobile to promote TD-SCDMA a good start.

China Mobile's action from the point of view, in the new year started TD-SCDMA new logo "G3". Prior to that, has announced that TD-SCDMA will be taken to integrate with existing business strategies 2G, GSM users can through the "three noes" policy (no card replacements, without changing the number, no registration) the user directly to the transition to TD. China Mobile has also pledged to 2011, TD network will cover 95% of the country to the city's business-class hotspot.

Reorganized China Unicom and China Telecom will usher in a world of. For China Unicom, WCDMA network construction schedule has been preliminarily identified: the arrival in February began construction equipment, "5.17" period, WCDMA network will be officially opened.

For China Telecom, announced at the end of September 2008, China Telecom C network of up to 300 million tender has caused a sensation. Subsequently, the officially released "Tianyi" brand, is considered a milestone in China's telecommunications transformation strategy.

In all fairness, in the 3G market, China Mobile is no longer highlighted the inherent advantages, while China Unicom and China Telecom in the catch.

Comparison among three types of standards had not been interrupted. Mobile is own that, in the maturity of the technology, TD compared to WCDMA to about two and a half behind.

A telecommunications industry veteran, said in an interview in the reorganization of resources after the operation, the three mobile operators have been license, China Mobile and the other two than in the lack of fixed-line business fell into his biggest disadvantage (CRC for additional mobile in very limited fixed). For China Mobile, the lack of fixed-line business is brought directly to the enterprise network business on the short board. China Unicom and China Telecom launched fixed-line business and mobile business combination, the LNP can be achieved, will bring China a very strong mobile combat. On the other hand it should be noted, China Mobile in the enterprise size, subscriber base, service and brand and so are ahead of the other two.

From the national level, the competent authorities is in fact a gradual elimination of a carrier's absolute superiority in certain areas. Only through a more fair and balanced competition, can bring the whole telecom industry to upgrade.

Policy of full control

Country from the policy guidance of the 3G market is comprehensive. The end of 2008, the State Council executive meeting, Premier Wen Jiabao highlighted, release the third generation mobile telecommunications license for stimulating domestic demand, optimize the structure of the telecommunications market competition, promoting TD-SCDMA industry chain mature, play an important role.

Policies can be basically divided into three areas.

First, from the national level, complementary policies to manage. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology vice president of Telecommunications Research Institute of Engineering in the relevant interview Mr Chen said that in the 3G license issuance, the appropriate complementary policies will be launched soon. Such as access policy, regulatory policy, Internetwork roaming, resource sharing and so on in the development of these. Including the regulatory regime adjustments, operating structure optimization, the progress of the industrial chain, need to take into consideration. In addition, quality of service protection, service specification development, frequency allocation of resources, settlement prices, we also need to gradually explore.

Second is the self-standard TD-SCDMA support. The state invested heavily in TD-SCDMA and high expectations, relevant policy support should be continued to strengthen. From the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology terms, the Minister Li Yizhong has repeatedly stressed that with independent intellectual property rights to support TD-SCDMA. In the December 19, 2008 meetings of the National Conference on Industry and Information Technology, said Li Yi, for TD-SCDMA's 36 measures have been implemented to support 21 projects, the industry chain is further improved.

China Mobile, this support may be more specific. Known as the communications industry observers such as Li Gang previously mentioned items like the details of this base station deployment, TD Beijing is poor network coverage, because many problems encountered in the deployment. These require government support and help.

Third, the guidance of the three standard network integration policy. At this stage, the policy first on the effective use of telecommunication resources for overall guidance. For example, in December 10, 2008, the three operators to share infrastructure, jointly signed the framework agreement that is the case. The view from the longer-term goals, 3G communications technology are moving in the direction of network convergence, from HSPA, EVDO and LTE than 3.5G technologies such as the evolution point of view, the core network has been convergence, 4G standards prior to the realization of the unity. Similarly, China's 3G must be synchronized with the world, TD-SCDMA and WCDMA and CDMA2000 be competing development. This is a clear need for national policy should also make provision in time.

Local equipment manufacturers in the spring

China's 3G market for domestic equipment makers, all are high aspirations. But the result is naturally grad.

In the TD a tender, ZTE won a total of more than 45% of the share; in China Telecom C network of up to 300 million tender, Huawei topped nearly 30% of the share. This means that local manufacturers in China has become the mainstream of China's telecommunications equipment market suppliers.

Such as Alcatel-Lucent, Motorola, Nortel, Ericsson and other telecom giants despite their own strong points WCDMA and CDMA2000 standards, has also taken the form of joint ventures with Chinese companies to fight for share, but some manufacturers are not happy with the results.

However, the domestic analysts believe that even if the share of the current view, in fact, have already exceeded their expectations of certain foreign manufacturers. Earlier, reporters on the CCW Research (CCW Research) vice president of breaks in the interview, Guo Haitao, says that as China Telecom, Nortel CDMA wireless devices in the project can get 17% of the share has been pretty good. Then in the long run, foreign firms may not be accustomed to the Chinese market share only in the narrow, there are Chinese manufacturers in the global phase-court press.







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Concerned about the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency jurisdiction overlap

"How are three different law enforcement agencies to ensure coherence between, will be China's Anti-Monopoly Committee of the biggest challenges." As a Chinese American Chamber of Commerce President, 瑭瑰鏂悏鑾?Man has once again on China's "anti-monopoly law," the implementation of the published their point of view.

Sitting in the office of Beijing China Resources Building, Jimo Man this time, the "anti-monopoly law," the evaluation of more praise. Positive tone, he said, the implementation of anti-monopoly law will help China build up to its name in the market economy, "We welcome the implementation of the law." Jimo Man's views on anti-monopoly law and many domestic experts in almost exactly the same, they all believe in this law for the Chinese the importance of establishing a market economic system. But two years ago, Jimo Man on the draft anti-monopoly law at the time or the views of a stomach, for example, he had doubts as to the specific market share as a company have a dominant market determined whether the standard is reasonable?

"We very much appreciate the Chinese government in the formulation of national competition policy, can take these to the foreign anti-monopoly law enforcement departments, professional lawyers and industry groups for advice." Ji Moman said. After 7 years, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce to China's "anti-monopoly law" to develop institutions to convey the concerns of member companies and their own views.

Jimo Man is also a lawyer, he said, China's first anti-monopoly law's introduction of Jin Jin yes, there are many issues need through the implementation of rules and operational guidelines to clarify, Birujiyu Jing Zheng and Guojiaanquan Shuangchongliyou be Shencha on the Cheng Xu Jiao Yi rules, the definition of abuse of intellectual property and standards, and so on. Sino-US dialogue on anti-monopoly law enforcement needs

"21st Century": Last month, you start a conference on anti-monopoly law enforcement training and technical assistance programs, mainly for the Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement officials. Can a brief overview of the project situation?

Jimo Man: This project is supported by several U.S. government agencies began to operate, including the Trade and Development Agency, the Trade Representative's office, the Ministry of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission, Ministry of Commerce, and China and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce U.S. Chamber of Commerce, represented by private institutions.

This project aid from the United States Trade and Development Agency (USTDA), American Chamber of Commerce is responsible only for the organization and coordination of course, involved in the project mainly from the Chinese and U.S. officials. In China, the Ministry of Commerce, SAIC, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Council Legislative Affairs Office and other agencies are involved, mainly from the Ministry of Commerce officials. The United States, mainly from the Ministry of Justice officials. This is a Deputy Director-level official dialogue.

"21st Century": Start on the eve of anti-monopoly law in China, why the U.S. should start such a project?

Jimo Man: This is to enhance China-US dialogue and cooperation between the antitrust part of the effort made. This project will provide the U.S. government and industry participants with Chinese officials to provide a broad platform to the drafting of a transparent manner, formulate the implementation details of anti-monopoly law, the public have the opportunity to comment on the proposed rules to make the Regulations more in line with market discipline, thus the companies operating in China to improve the competitive environment.

For Americans, the benefits of this project is for U.S. officials and business people with the Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement officials the opportunity for direct communication. China's officials, the greatest value of this project is to provide them a learning platform that can draw a useful U.S. antitrust enforcement experience.

This project is very technical, because the anti-monopoly law enforcement itself is a very technical job. Such as how to identify monopolistic behavior, how to provide relief to the victims, how to split a company constitute a monopoly, and so on. From the curriculum point of view, M & A review of the content is of interest to Chinese officials.

The project will also train Chinese officials and help them understand Ruhe can the antitrust provisions and the final implementation details can be the best use, thereby promoting competition, Quebao right Suoyou market participants Gong Ping.

Cross-sector review should be efficient

"21st century": implementation of the anti-monopoly law in the process of training programs, training of Chinese officials are most concerned about?

Jimo Man: Chinese officials the biggest puzzle is how to actually make the law operational. You know, China's anti-monopoly committee recently set up a lot of things waiting for them to complete. They must ensure that this law can be highly feasible. For example, they are concerned about the three anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies, coordination of the internal division of labor, they know the need to ensure coherence between sectors, or the implementation of anti-monopoly law could not succeed.

"21st Century": Do you think the Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies to cooperate where possible problems?

Jimo Man: from the current view of their division of labor, price fixing under the jurisdiction of NDRC, SAIC is responsible for monitoring the abuse of dominant market position, the Commerce Department responsible for the review of concentration of business operators, and in the above three institutions is State Anti-Monopoly Committee is responsible for co-ordination. View from the current division of labor may occur in some areas of overlapping jurisdiction between law enforcement agencies the situation.

In my opinion, most likely overlapping jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce and Business Administration. Abuse of dominant market position means that a company has a majority market share, while the operators are two companies focused on mergers and acquisitions, which often result in the new company has a dominant market position.

Therefore, the director of the Antimonopoly Committee of China will face challenges. He must coordinate the work of the three law enforcement agencies to ensure cross-sector antitrust review could efficiently.

"21st Century": that in this training program, Chinese officials were then able to learn what aspects of the experience this?

Jimo Man: The United States also has two anti-trust laws of the implementing agencies, namely the Federal Trade Commission and the Justice Department. Federal Trade Commission more attention to the field of civil law enforcement, the Justice Department is mainly responsible for the criminal jurisdiction of antitrust. Therefore, China's system somewhat similar to the United States Foreign Investment Review Board, in this committee is to assume different functions of the following government departments, including the Ministry of Commerce, the Department of Energy, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Labour and so on.

According to Foreign Investment Review Board of operating experience, the responsibilities between different departments if there is no cross, it will operate smoothly. But now, the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Committee the following three agencies have overlapping functions, Therefore, in the initial stages of operational problems may occur. "Intellectual property abuse" provisions need to be refined

"21st Century": Anti 55th Article of the operator shall not abuse of intellectual property, eliminate or restrict competition. It is said many multinational companies are very concerned about this article?

Jimo Man: anti-monopoly law is only one provision on the abuse of intellectual property rights, our members need more details. Law must be clear what is "abuse", because the nature of intellectual property is a monopoly, it was willing to invest in technological innovation, that is, they can monopolize the intellectual property rights within a certain time, otherwise, who are willing to invest?

United States antitrust laws, and no such provision, because it belongs to the contents of patent law. But does the United States patent law also provides for the prohibition of which the abuse of intellectual property rights provisions, the United States has accumulated a lot of jurisprudence in this area, formed on the "abuse" determine the complete system. We look forward to more of China's legislative rules or judicial interpretation issued.

"21st Century": the body should be responsible for the abuse of intellectual property rights of review?

Jimo Man: This is one of our greatest confusion. I am told, is the intellectual property by the court or the State Intellectual Property Office is responsible for court, but they are all placed outside the National Anti-Monopoly Committee. We think that will be responsible for review of abuse of intellectual property rights into the national law enforcement agencies within the framework of the Antimonopoly Committee may be more reasonable.

"21st Century": the members of your business whether antitrust concerns about the implementation?

Jimo Man: I think our member companies do not worry about it. Because almost all of the companies have extensive global operations experience. Conduct their business has been proven to meet the interests of consumers in most countries, has withstood the test of the legal system in many countries. Therefore, we believe our business conduct is regulated.

Of course, we are very concerned about the legal obligations under anti-monopoly law in China and Europe and the United States by different laws, whether, if so, then we do need to change some of the traditional business behavior.

China Anti-Monopoly Committee the following three agencies have overlapping functions, Therefore, in the initial stages of operational problems may occur.

Interview people

Reporter Chen Shanzhe

ZHANG Man from Beijing's practice

"How are three different law enforcement agencies to ensure coherence between, will be China's Anti-Monopoly Committee of the biggest challenges." As a Chinese American Chamber of Commerce President, 瑭瑰鏂悏鑾?Man has once again on China's "anti-monopoly law," the implementation of the published their point of view.

Sitting in the office of Beijing China Resources Building, Jimo Man this time, the "anti-monopoly law," the evaluation of more praise. Positive tone, he said, the implementation of anti-monopoly law will help China build up to its name in the market economy, "We welcome the implementation of the law." Jimo Man's views on anti-monopoly law and many domestic experts in almost exactly the same, they all believe in this law for the Chinese the importance of establishing a market economic system. But two years ago, Jimo Man on the draft anti-monopoly law at the time or the views of a stomach, for example, he had doubts as to the specific market share as a company have a dominant market determined whether the standard is reasonable?

"We very much appreciate the Chinese government in the formulation of national competition policy, can take these to the foreign anti-monopoly law enforcement departments, professional lawyers and industry groups for advice." Ji Moman said. After 7 years, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce to China's "anti-monopoly law" to develop institutions to convey the concerns of member companies and their own views.

Jimo Man is also a lawyer, he said that the Chinese anti-monopoly law is only a first step, there are many problems through the implementation of rules and operational guidelines to clear, such as competition and based on the dual grounds of national security review process transactions rules, the definition of abuse of intellectual property and standards, and so on. Sino-US dialogue on anti-monopoly law enforcement needs

"21st Century": Last month, you start a conference on anti-monopoly law enforcement training and technical assistance programs, mainly for the Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement officials. Can a brief overview of the project situation?

Jimo Man: This project is supported by several U.S. government agencies began to operate, including the Trade Development Department, the Trade Representative Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission, Ministry of Commerce, and China and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce U.S. Chamber of Commerce, represented by private institutions.

This project aid from the United States Trade and Development Agency (USTDA), American Chamber of Commerce is responsible only for the organization and coordination of course, involved in the project mainly from the Chinese and U.S. officials. In China, the Ministry of Commerce, SAIC, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Council Legislative Affairs Office and other agencies are involved, mainly from the Ministry of Commerce officials. The United States, mainly from the Ministry of Justice officials. This is a Deputy Director-level official dialogue.

"21st Century": Start on the eve of anti-monopoly law in China, why the U.S. should start such a project?

Jimo Man: This is to enhance China-US dialogue and cooperation between the antitrust part of the effort made. This project will provide the U.S. government and industry participants with Chinese officials to provide a broad platform to the drafting of a transparent manner, formulate the implementation details of anti-monopoly law, the public have the opportunity to comment on the proposed rules to make the Regulations more in line with market discipline, thus the companies operating in China to improve the competitive environment.

For Americans, the benefits of this project is for U.S. officials and business people with the Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement officials the opportunity for direct communication. China's officials, the greatest value of this project is to provide them a learning platform that can draw a useful U.S. antitrust enforcement experience.

This project is very technical, because the anti-monopoly law enforcement itself is a very technical job. Such as how to identify monopolistic behavior, how to provide relief to the victims, how to split a company constitute a monopoly, and so on. From the curriculum point of view, M & A review of the content is of interest to Chinese officials.

The project will also train Chinese officials and help them understand how to make anti-trust provisions and the final implementation of the rules could be best used to promote competition to ensure fairness to all market participants.

Cross-sector review should be efficient

"21st century": implementation of the anti-monopoly law in the process of training programs, training of Chinese officials are most concerned about?

Jimo Man: Chinese officials the biggest puzzle is how to actually make the law operational. You know, China's anti-monopoly committee recently set up a lot of things waiting for them to complete. They must ensure that this law can be highly feasible. For example, they are concerned about the three anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies, coordination of the internal division of labor, they know the need to ensure coherence between sectors, or the implementation of anti-monopoly law could not succeed.

"21st Century": Do you think the Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies to cooperate where possible problems?

Jimo Man: from the current view of their division of labor, price fixing under the jurisdiction of NDRC, SAIC is responsible for monitoring the abuse of dominant market position, the Commerce Department responsible for the review of concentration of business operators, and in the above three institutions is State Anti-Monopoly Committee is responsible for co-ordination. View from the current division of labor may occur in some areas of overlapping jurisdiction between law enforcement agencies the situation.

In my opinion, most likely overlapping jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce and Business Administration. Abuse of dominant market position means that a company has a majority market share, while the operators are two companies focused on mergers and acquisitions, which often result in the new company has a dominant market position.

Therefore, the director of the Antimonopoly Committee of China will face challenges. He must coordinate the work of the three law enforcement agencies to ensure cross-sector antitrust review could efficiently.

"21st Century": that in this training program, Chinese officials were then able to learn what aspects of the experience this?

Jimo Man: The United States also has two anti-trust laws of the implementing agencies, namely the Federal Trade Commission and the Justice Department. Federal Trade Commission more attention to the field of civil law enforcement, the Justice Department is mainly responsible for the criminal jurisdiction of antitrust. Therefore, China's system somewhat similar to the United States Foreign Investment Review Board, in this committee is to assume different functions of the following government departments, including the Ministry of Commerce, the Department of Energy, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Labour and so on.

According to Foreign Investment Review Board of operating experience, the responsibilities between different departments if there is no cross, it will operate smoothly. But now, the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Committee the following three agencies have overlapping functions, Therefore, in the initial stages of operational problems may occur. "Intellectual property abuse" provisions need to be refined

"21st Century": Anti 55th Article of the operator shall not abuse of intellectual property, eliminate or restrict competition. It is said many multinational companies are very concerned about this article?

Jimo Man: anti-monopoly law is only one provision on the abuse of intellectual property rights, our members need more details. Law must be clear what is "abuse" because the nature of intellectual property is a monopoly, it was willing to invest in technological innovation, that is, they can monopolize the intellectual property in a certain period of time, otherwise, who are willing to invest?

United States antitrust laws, and no such provision, because it belongs to the contents of patent law. But does the United States patent law also provides for the prohibition of which the abuse of intellectual property rights provisions, the United States has accumulated a lot of jurisprudence in this area, formed on the "abuse" determine the complete system. We look forward to more of China's legislative rules or judicial interpretation issued.

"21st Century": the body should be responsible for the abuse of intellectual property rights of review?

Jimo Man: This is one of our greatest confusion.鎴戝惉鍒扮殑璇存硶鏄敱娉曢櫌鐨勭煡璇嗕骇鏉冨涵鎴栬?鍥藉鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈灞?礋璐?浣嗕粬浠嵈琚疆浜庡浗瀹跺弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氫箣澶栥?鎴戜滑璁や负濡傛灉灏嗚礋璐ｅ鏌ユ互鐢ㄧ煡璇嗕骇鏉冪殑鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯涔熺撼鍏ュ浗瀹跺弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氱殑妗嗘灦鍐?鍙兘鏇翠负鍚堢悊銆?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?浣犱滑鐨勬垚鍛樹紒涓氭槸鍚﹀鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勫疄鏂芥劅鍒版媴蹇?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?鎴戞兂鎴戜滑鐨勬垚鍛樹紒涓氬苟涓嶆媴蹇冭繖涓棶棰樸?鍥犱负鍑犱箮鎵?湁鐨勫叕鍙搁兘鏈変赴瀵岀殑鍏ㄧ悆杩愪綔鐨勭粡楠屻?浠栦滑鐨勭粡钀ヨ涓哄凡缁忚璇佹槑绗﹀悎澶у鏁板浗瀹舵秷璐硅?鐨勫埄鐩?缁忓彈浜嗗緢澶氬浗瀹舵硶寰嬪埗搴︾殑鑰冮獙銆傚洜姝?鎴戜滑鐩镐俊鑷繁鐨勭粡钀ヨ涓烘槸瑙勮寖鐨勩?

銆??褰撶劧,鎴戜滑涔熷緢鍏冲績涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂硶瑙勫畾鐨勬硶寰嬩箟鍔℃槸鍚︿笌娆х編鐨勬硶寰嬩笉鍚?濡傛灉鏄?閭ｄ箞鎴戜滑纭疄闇?鏀瑰彉涓?簺浼犵粺鐨勭粡钀ヨ涓轰簡銆?br />
銆??涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂鍛樹細涓嬮潰鐨勪笁涓満鏋勮亴鑳芥槸鏈変氦鍙夌殑,鍥犳杩愪綔璧锋潵鍦ㄦ渶鍒濋樁娈靛彲鑳戒細鍑虹幇涓?簺闂銆?br />
銆??璁胯皥路浜虹墿

銆??鏈姤璁拌? 闄堝杽鍝?br />
銆??瀹炰範璁拌? 寮犳浖 鍖椾含鎶ラ亾

銆??鈥滃浣曠‘淇濅笁涓笉鍚岀殑鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯涔嬮棿鍗忚皟涓?嚧,灏嗘槸涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂鍛樹細闈复鐨勬渶澶ф寫鎴樸?鈥濊韩涓轰腑鍥界編鍥藉晢浼氫富甯?瑭瑰鏂峰悏鑾浖鏃ュ墠鍐嶆灏变腑鍥姐?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶銆嬬殑瀹炴柦鍙戣〃鑷繁鐨勮鐐广?

銆??鍧愬湪鍖椾含鍗庢鼎澶у帵鐨勫姙鍏閲?鍚夎帿鏇艰繖涓?瀵广?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶銆嬬殑璇勪环澶氫簡璧炶銆備粬浠ヨ偗瀹氱殑鍙ｅ惢璇?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勫疄鏂藉皢甯姪涓浗寤虹珛璧峰疄鑷冲悕褰掔殑甯傚満缁忔祹,鈥滄垜浠杩庢硶寰嬬殑瀹炴柦鈥濄?鍚夎帿鏇煎鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勭湅娉曞嚑涔庡拰鍥藉唴寰堝涓撳濡傚嚭涓?緳,浠栦滑閮界瑑淇¤繖閮ㄦ硶寰嬪浜庝腑鍥藉缓绔嬪競鍦虹粡娴庝綋鍒剁殑閲嶈鎬с?浣嗗湪涓ゅ勾鍓?鍚夎帿鏇煎褰撴椂鐨勫弽鍨勬柇娉曡崏妗堣繕鏄竴鑲氬瓙鎰忚,姣斿,浠栨浘缁忚川鐤?浠ュ叿浣撶殑甯傚満浠介浣滀负涓?浼佷笟鏄惁鍏锋湁甯傚満鏀厤鍦颁綅鐨勮瀹氭爣鍑嗘槸鍚﹀悎鐞?

銆??鈥滄垜浠緢娆ｈ祻涓浗鏀垮簻鍦ㄥ埗瀹氬浗瀹剁殑绔炰簤鏀跨瓥鏃?鑳藉铏氬績鍦板悜澶栧浗鍙嶅瀯鏂墽娉曢儴闂ㄣ?鑱屼笟寰嬪笀鍜屼骇涓氬洟浣撳緛璇㈡剰瑙併?鈥濆悏鑾浖璇淬?姝ゅ墠7骞翠腑,缇庡浗鍟嗕細绉瀬鍦板悜涓浗銆婂弽鍨勬柇娉曘?鍒跺畾鏈烘瀯杞揪浼氬憳浼佷笟鐨勫叧鍒囧拰鑷繁鐨勮瑙ｃ?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇间篃鏄竴鍚嶅緥甯?浠栬〃绀?涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勫嚭鍙颁粎浠呮槸绗竴姝?杩樻湁寰堝闂闇?閫氳繃瀹炴柦缁嗗垯鍜屾搷浣滄寚鍗楁潵鏄庣‘,姣斿鍩轰簬绔炰簤鍜屽浗瀹跺畨鍏ㄥ弻閲嶇悊鐢卞浜ゆ槗杩涜瀹℃煡鐨勭▼搴忔?瑙勫垯,婊ョ敤鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鐨勫畾涔夊強鏍囧噯,绛夌瓑銆備腑缇庡弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶闇?瀵硅瘽

銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?涓婁釜鏈?浣犱滑鍚姩浜嗕竴娆″叧浜庡弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶鎶?湳鍩硅鍜屾彺鍔╃殑璇剧▼,涓昏闈㈠悜涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂墽娉曟満鏋勭殑瀹樺憳銆傝兘鍚︾畝瑕佷粙缁嶄竴涓嬮」鐩殑鎯呭喌?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?杩欎釜椤圭洰鍦ㄥ嚑涓編鍥芥斂搴滄満鏋勭殑鏀寔涓嬪紑濮嬭繍浣滅殑,鍖呮嫭璐告槗鍙戝睍缃层?璐告槗浠ｈ〃鍔炲叕瀹ゃ?鍙告硶閮ㄣ?鑱旈偊璐告槗濮斿憳浼氥?鍟嗗姟閮?浠ュ強涓浗缇庡浗鍟嗕細鍜岀編鍥藉叏鍥藉晢浼氫负浠ｈ〃鐨勭钀ユ満鏋勩?

銆??杩欎釜椤圭洰鐨勬彺鍔╄祫閲戞潵鑷編鍥借锤鏄撳彂灞曠讲(USTDA),涓浗缇庡浗鍟嗕細鍙礋璐ｈ绋嬬殑缁勭粐鍜屽崗璋?鍙備笌璇ラ」鐩殑涓昏鏄潵鑷腑缇庝袱鍥界殑瀹樺憳銆傚湪涓浗鏂归潰,鍟嗗姟閮ㄣ?鍥藉宸ュ晢鎬诲眬銆佸浗瀹跺彂鏀瑰鍜屽浗鍔￠櫌娉曞埗鍔炵瓑鏈烘瀯閮藉弬涓庝簡,涓昏鏄潵鑷晢鍔￠儴鐨勫畼鍛樸?鑰岀編鍥芥柟闈富瑕佹槸鏉ヨ嚜鍙告硶閮ㄧ殑瀹樺憳銆傝繖鏄竴涓壇鍙搁暱绾у埆瀹樺憳鐨勫璇濄?

銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉弽鍨勬柇娉曞惎鍔ㄥ墠澶?涓轰粈涔堢編鏂硅鍚姩杩欐牱涓?釜椤圭洰?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?杩欐槸澧炲己涓編涔嬮棿鍏充簬鍙嶅瀯鏂硶瀵硅瘽鍜屽悎浣滄墍鍋氬嚭鐨勫姫鍔涚殑涓?儴鍒嗐?杩欎釜椤圭洰灏嗕负缇庡浗鏀垮簻鍜岃涓氬弬涓庤?涓庝腑鍥藉畼鍛樻彁渚涘箍闃旂殑浜ゆ祦骞冲彴,浠庤?浠ラ?鏄庣殑鏂瑰紡璧疯崏銆佸埗瀹氬弽鍨勬柇娉曠殑瀹炴柦缁嗗垯,浣垮叕浼楁湁鏈轰細瀵规彁璁殑缁嗗垯鍙戣〃鎰忚,浣垮疄鏂界粏鍒欐洿鍔犵鍚堝競鍦鸿寰?浠庤?涓哄湪涓浗缁忚惀鐨勫叕鍙告敼鍠勭珵浜夌幆澧冦?

銆??瀵圭編鍥戒汉鏉ヨ,杩欎釜椤圭洰鐨勫ソ澶勬槸鍙互涓虹編鍥藉畼鍛樺拰鍟嗙晫浜哄＋鎻愪緵涓庝腑鍥藉弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶瀹樺憳杩涜鐩存帴浜ゆ祦鐨勬満浼氥?瀵逛腑鍥界殑瀹樺憳鏉ヨ,杩欎釜椤圭洰鐨勬渶澶т环鍊兼槸缁欎粬浠彁渚涗簡涓?釜瀛︿範鐨勫钩鍙?鍙互鍚稿彇缇庡浗鍙嶅瀯鏂墽娉曠殑鏈夌泭缁忛獙銆?br />
銆??杩欎釜椤圭洰鐨勬妧鏈?闈炲父寮?鍥犱负鍙嶅瀯鏂墽娉曟湰韬氨鏄竴涓妧鏈?闈炲父寮虹殑宸ヤ綔銆傛瘮濡傚浣曡瀹氬瀯鏂涓?濡備綍鍚戝彈瀹宠?鎻愪緵鏁戞祹,濡備綍鎷嗗垎涓?釜鏋勬垚鍨勬柇鐨勫叕鍙?绛夌瓑銆備粠璇剧▼涓婄湅,骞惰喘瀹℃煡涔熸槸涓浗瀹樺憳鎰熷叴瓒ｇ殑鍐呭銆?br />
銆??杩欎釜椤圭洰杩樺皢鍩硅涓浗瀹樺憳,甯姪浠栦滑浜嗚В濡備綍鎵嶈兘浣垮弽鍨勬柇娉曠殑鏉℃鍙婂叾鏈?粓鐨勫疄鏂界粏鍒欒兘澶熷緱鍒版渶浣充娇鐢?浠庤?淇冭繘绔炰簤,纭繚瀵规墍鏈夊競鍦哄弬涓庤?鐨勫叕骞炽?

銆??璺ㄩ儴闂ㄥ鏌ヨ鏈夋晥鐜?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?鍦ㄥ疄鏂借繖涓弽鍨勬柇娉曠殑鍩硅椤圭洰杩囩▼涓?鎺ュ彈鍩硅鐨勪腑鍥藉畼鍛樻渶鍏冲績鐨勬槸浠?箞?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?涓浗瀹樺憳浠殑鏈?ぇ鍥版儜鏄浣曚娇娉曞緥鐪熸杩愪綔璧锋潵銆備綘鐭ラ亾,涓浗鐨勫弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氭渶杩戝垰鎴愮珛,寰堝浜嬫儏绛夌潃浠栦滑鍘诲畬鎴愩?浠栦滑蹇呴』纭繚杩欓儴娉曞緥鑳藉瀵屾湁鍙搷浣滄?銆傛瘮濡?浠栦滑寰堝叧蹇冧笁涓弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯鐨勫唴閮ㄥ垎宸ュ崗璋冮棶棰?浠栦滑鐭ラ亾,蹇呴』纭繚閮ㄩ棬闂村崗璋冧竴鑷?鍚﹀垯鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勫疄鏂戒笉鍙兘鎴愬姛銆?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?浣犺涓轰腑鍥藉弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯闂寸殑鍚堜綔,鍙兘鍑虹幇鍝柟闈㈢殑闂?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?浠庣洰鍓嶄粬浠殑鍒嗗伐鏉ョ湅,鍙戞敼濮旂杈栦环鏍煎瀯鏂?宸ュ晢鎬诲眬璐熻矗瀵规互鐢ㄥ競鍦烘敮閰嶅湴浣嶇殑鐩戠,鍟嗗姟閮ㄨ礋璐ｇ粡钀ヨ?闆嗕腑鐨勫鏌?鑰屽湪杩欎笁涓満鏋勪箣涓?鏄浗瀹跺弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氳礋璐ｅ崗璋冨拰缁熺銆備粠鐩墠鐨勫垎宸ユ潵鐪?鍙兘鏈変簺棰嗗煙浼氬彂鐢熸墽娉曟満鏋勪箣闂寸杈栨潈閲嶅彔鐨勬儏鍐点?

銆??鍦ㄦ垜鐪嬫潵,鏈?湁鍙兘鍙戠敓绠¤緰鏉冮噸鍙犵殑鏄晢鍔￠儴鍜屽伐鍟嗘?灞??婊ョ敤甯傚満鏀厤鍦颁綅鎰忓懗鐫?竴涓叕鍙告嫢鏈夊ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐨勫競鍦轰唤棰?鑰岀粡钀ヨ?闆嗕腑鏄袱涓叕鍙哥殑骞惰喘,骞惰喘鐨勭粨鏋滈?甯告槸鏂扮殑鍏徃鎷ユ湁鏀厤甯傚満鐨勫湴浣嶃?

銆??鍥犳,涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂鍛樹細鐨勪富浠诲皢闈复鎸戞垬銆備粬瑕佸崗璋冨ソ涓変釜鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯鐨勫伐浣?纭繚璺ㄩ儴闂ㄧ殑鍙嶅瀯鏂鏌ヨ兘澶熷瘜鏈夋晥鐜囥?

銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?閭ｅ湪杩欎釜鍩硅椤圭洰涓?涓浗鐨勫畼鍛樹滑鍙堣兘澶熷涔犲埌姝ゆ柟闈㈢殑浠?箞缁忛獙?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?缇庡浗涔熸湁涓や釜鍙嶅瀯鏂硶寰嬬殑鎵ц鏈烘瀯,鍒嗗埆鏄仈閭﹁锤鏄撳鍛樹細鍜屽徃娉曢儴銆傝仈閭﹁锤鏄撳鍛樹細鏇村鍦板叧娉ㄦ皯浜嬮鍩熺殑鎵ф硶,鑰屽徃娉曢儴涓昏鎵挎媴鍙嶅瀯鏂殑鍒戜簨绠¤緰鏉冦?鍥犳,涓浗鐨勪綋鍒舵湁鐐圭被浼间簬缇庡浗鐨勫鍥芥姇璧勫鏌ュ鍛樹細,鍦ㄨ繖涓鍛樹細涓嬮潰鏄壙鎷呬笉鍚岃亴鑳界殑鏀垮簻閮ㄩ棬,鍖呮嫭鍟嗗姟閮ㄣ?鑳芥簮閮ㄣ?璐㈡斂閮ㄣ?鍔冲姩閮ㄧ瓑銆?br />
銆??鏍规嵁澶栧浗鎶曡祫瀹℃煡濮斿憳浼氱殑杩愪綔缁忛獙,濡傛灉鍚勪釜閮ㄩ棬涔嬮棿鐨勮亴璐ｆ病鏈変氦鍙?灏变細杩愪綔寰楀緢椤哄埄銆備絾鏄洰鍓嶆潵鐪?涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂鍛樹細涓嬮潰鐨勪笁涓満鏋勮亴鑳芥槸鏈変氦鍙夌殑,鍥犳杩愪綔璧锋潵鍦ㄦ渶鍒濋樁娈靛彲鑳戒細鍑虹幇涓?簺闂銆傗?鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈婊ョ敤鈥濇潯娆鹃渶瑕佺粏鍖?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶绗簲鍗佷簲鏉¤瀹氫簡缁忚惀鑰呬笉寰楁互鐢ㄧ煡璇嗕骇鏉?鎺掗櫎銆侀檺鍒剁珵浜夈?鎹寰堝璺ㄥ浗鍏徃瀵硅繖鏉¤瀹氶兘寰堝叧鍒?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鍏充簬鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈婊ョ敤鍙湁涓?潯瑙勫畾,鎴戜滑鐨勪細鍛橀渶瑕佹洿澶氱粏鑺傘?娉曞緥蹇呴』鏄庣‘浠?箞鏄?婊ョ敤鈥?鍥犱负鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鐨勬湰璐ㄥ氨鏄瀯鏂殑,浜轰滑涔嬫墍浠ユ効鎰忔姇璧勪簬绉戞妧鍙戞槑,灏辨槸浠栦滑鍙互鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭椂闂村唴鍨勬柇鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈,鍚﹀垯鐨勮瘽,璋佽繕鎰挎剰鍘绘姇璧勫憿?

銆??缇庡浗鐨勫弽鍨勬柇娉曞緥骞舵病鏈夎繖涓瀹?鍥犱负瀹冨睘浜庝笓鍒╂硶鐨勫唴瀹广?浣嗙編鍥界殑涓撳埄娉曢噷闈㈢‘瀹炰篃瑙勫畾浜嗙姝㈢煡璇嗕骇鏉冩互鐢ㄧ殑鏉℃,缇庡浗绉疮浜嗚繖鏂归潰澶ч噺鐨勫垽渚?褰㈡垚浜嗗叧浜庘?婊ョ敤鈥濈殑瀹屾暣鍒ゆ柇浣撶郴銆傛垜浠湡寰呬腑鍥芥湁鏇村鐨勭珛娉曠粏鍒欐垨鍙告硶瑙ｉ噴鍑哄彴銆?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?搴旇鐢卞摢涓満鏋勮礋璐ｆ互鐢ㄧ煡璇嗕骇鏉冪殑瀹℃煡?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?杩欎篃鏄垜浠渶澶х殑鍥版儜涔嬩竴銆傛垜鍚埌鐨勮娉曟槸鐢辨硶闄㈢殑鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈搴垨鑰呭浗瀹剁煡璇嗕骇鏉冨眬璐熻矗,浣嗕粬浠嵈琚疆浜庡浗瀹跺弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氫箣澶栥?鎴戜滑璁や负濡傛灉灏嗚礋璐ｅ鏌ユ互鐢ㄧ煡璇嗕骇鏉冪殑鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯涔熺撼鍏ュ浗瀹跺弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氱殑妗嗘灦鍐?鍙兘鏇翠负鍚堢悊銆?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?浣犱滑鐨勬垚鍛樹紒涓氭槸鍚﹀鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勫疄鏂芥劅鍒版媴蹇?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?鎴戞兂鎴戜滑鐨勬垚鍛樹紒涓氬苟涓嶆媴蹇冭繖涓棶棰樸?鍥犱负鍑犱箮鎵?湁鐨勫叕鍙搁兘鏈変赴瀵岀殑鍏ㄧ悆杩愪綔鐨勭粡楠屻?浠栦滑鐨勭粡钀ヨ涓哄凡缁忚璇佹槑绗﹀悎澶у鏁板浗瀹舵秷璐硅?鐨勫埄鐩?缁忓彈浜嗗緢澶氬浗瀹舵硶寰嬪埗搴︾殑鑰冮獙銆傚洜姝?鎴戜滑鐩镐俊鑷繁鐨勭粡钀ヨ涓烘槸瑙勮寖鐨勩?

銆??褰撶劧,鎴戜滑涔熷緢鍏冲績涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂硶瑙勫畾鐨勬硶寰嬩箟鍔℃槸鍚︿笌娆х編鐨勬硶寰嬩笉鍚?濡傛灉鏄?閭ｄ箞鎴戜滑纭疄闇?鏀瑰彉涓?簺浼犵粺鐨勭粡钀ヨ涓轰簡銆?br />
銆??涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂鍛樹細涓嬮潰鐨勪笁涓満鏋勮亴鑳芥槸鏈変氦鍙夌殑,鍥犳杩愪綔璧锋潵鍦ㄦ渶鍒濋樁娈靛彲鑳戒細鍑虹幇涓?簺闂銆?br />
銆??璁胯皥路浜虹墿

銆??鏈姤璁拌? 闄堝杽鍝?br />
銆??瀹炰範璁拌? 寮犳浖 鍖椾含鎶ラ亾

銆??鈥滃浣曠‘淇濅笁涓笉鍚岀殑鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯涔嬮棿鍗忚皟涓?嚧,灏嗘槸涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂鍛樹細闈复鐨勬渶澶ф寫鎴樸?鈥濊韩涓轰腑鍥界編鍥藉晢浼氫富甯?瑭瑰鏂峰悏鑾浖鏃ュ墠鍐嶆灏变腑鍥姐?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶銆嬬殑瀹炴柦鍙戣〃鑷繁鐨勮鐐广?

銆??鍧愬湪鍖椾含鍗庢鼎澶у帵鐨勫姙鍏閲?鍚夎帿鏇艰繖涓?瀵广?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶銆嬬殑璇勪环澶氫簡璧炶銆備粬浠ヨ偗瀹氱殑鍙ｅ惢璇?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勫疄鏂藉皢甯姪涓浗寤虹珛璧峰疄鑷冲悕褰掔殑甯傚満缁忔祹,鈥滄垜浠杩庢硶寰嬬殑瀹炴柦鈥濄?鍚夎帿鏇煎鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勭湅娉曞嚑涔庡拰鍥藉唴寰堝涓撳濡傚嚭涓?緳,浠栦滑閮界瑑淇¤繖閮ㄦ硶寰嬪浜庝腑鍥藉缓绔嬪競鍦虹粡娴庝綋鍒剁殑閲嶈鎬с?浣嗗湪涓ゅ勾鍓?鍚夎帿鏇煎褰撴椂鐨勫弽鍨勬柇娉曡崏妗堣繕鏄竴鑲氬瓙鎰忚,姣斿,浠栨浘缁忚川鐤?浠ュ叿浣撶殑甯傚満浠介浣滀负涓?浼佷笟鏄惁鍏锋湁甯傚満鏀厤鍦颁綅鐨勮瀹氭爣鍑嗘槸鍚﹀悎鐞?

銆??鈥滄垜浠緢娆ｈ祻涓浗鏀垮簻鍦ㄥ埗瀹氬浗瀹剁殑绔炰簤鏀跨瓥鏃?鑳藉铏氬績鍦板悜澶栧浗鍙嶅瀯鏂墽娉曢儴闂ㄣ?鑱屼笟寰嬪笀鍜屼骇涓氬洟浣撳緛璇㈡剰瑙併?鈥濆悏鑾浖璇淬?姝ゅ墠7骞翠腑,缇庡浗鍟嗕細绉瀬鍦板悜涓浗銆婂弽鍨勬柇娉曘?鍒跺畾鏈烘瀯杞揪浼氬憳浼佷笟鐨勫叧鍒囧拰鑷繁鐨勮瑙ｃ?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇间篃鏄竴鍚嶅緥甯?浠栬〃绀?涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勫嚭鍙颁粎浠呮槸绗竴姝?杩樻湁寰堝闂闇?閫氳繃瀹炴柦缁嗗垯鍜屾搷浣滄寚鍗楁潵鏄庣‘,姣斿鍩轰簬绔炰簤鍜屽浗瀹跺畨鍏ㄥ弻閲嶇悊鐢卞浜ゆ槗杩涜瀹℃煡鐨勭▼搴忔?瑙勫垯,婊ョ敤鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鐨勫畾涔夊強鏍囧噯,绛夌瓑銆備腑缇庡弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶闇?瀵硅瘽

銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?涓婁釜鏈?浣犱滑鍚姩浜嗕竴娆″叧浜庡弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶鎶?湳鍩硅鍜屾彺鍔╃殑璇剧▼,涓昏闈㈠悜涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂墽娉曟満鏋勭殑瀹樺憳銆傝兘鍚︾畝瑕佷粙缁嶄竴涓嬮」鐩殑鎯呭喌?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?杩欎釜椤圭洰鍦ㄥ嚑涓編鍥芥斂搴滄満鏋勭殑鏀寔涓嬪紑濮嬭繍浣滅殑,鍖呮嫭璐告槗鍙戝睍缃层?璐告槗浠ｈ〃鍔炲叕瀹ゃ?鍙告硶閮ㄣ?鑱旈偊璐告槗濮斿憳浼氥?鍟嗗姟閮?浠ュ強涓浗缇庡浗鍟嗕細鍜岀編鍥藉叏鍥藉晢浼氫负浠ｈ〃鐨勭钀ユ満鏋勩?

銆??杩欎釜椤圭洰鐨勬彺鍔╄祫閲戞潵鑷編鍥借锤鏄撳彂灞曠讲(USTDA),涓浗缇庡浗鍟嗕細鍙礋璐ｈ绋嬬殑缁勭粐鍜屽崗璋?鍙備笌璇ラ」鐩殑涓昏鏄潵鑷腑缇庝袱鍥界殑瀹樺憳銆傚湪涓浗鏂归潰,鍟嗗姟閮ㄣ?鍥藉宸ュ晢鎬诲眬銆佸浗瀹跺彂鏀瑰鍜屽浗鍔￠櫌娉曞埗鍔炵瓑鏈烘瀯閮藉弬涓庝簡,涓昏鏄潵鑷晢鍔￠儴鐨勫畼鍛樸?鑰岀編鍥芥柟闈富瑕佹槸鏉ヨ嚜鍙告硶閮ㄧ殑瀹樺憳銆傝繖鏄竴涓壇鍙搁暱绾у埆瀹樺憳鐨勫璇濄?

銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉弽鍨勬柇娉曞惎鍔ㄥ墠澶?涓轰粈涔堢編鏂硅鍚姩杩欐牱涓?釜椤圭洰?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?杩欐槸澧炲己涓編涔嬮棿鍏充簬鍙嶅瀯鏂硶瀵硅瘽鍜屽悎浣滄墍鍋氬嚭鐨勫姫鍔涚殑涓?儴鍒嗐?杩欎釜椤圭洰灏嗕负缇庡浗鏀垮簻鍜岃涓氬弬涓庤?涓庝腑鍥藉畼鍛樻彁渚涘箍闃旂殑浜ゆ祦骞冲彴,浠庤?浠ラ?鏄庣殑鏂瑰紡璧疯崏銆佸埗瀹氬弽鍨勬柇娉曠殑瀹炴柦缁嗗垯,浣垮叕浼楁湁鏈轰細瀵规彁璁殑缁嗗垯鍙戣〃鎰忚,浣垮疄鏂界粏鍒欐洿鍔犵鍚堝競鍦鸿寰?浠庤?涓哄湪涓浗缁忚惀鐨勫叕鍙告敼鍠勭珵浜夌幆澧冦?

銆??瀵圭編鍥戒汉鏉ヨ,杩欎釜椤圭洰鐨勫ソ澶勬槸鍙互涓虹編鍥藉畼鍛樺拰鍟嗙晫浜哄＋鎻愪緵涓庝腑鍥藉弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶瀹樺憳杩涜鐩存帴浜ゆ祦鐨勬満浼氥?瀵逛腑鍥界殑瀹樺憳鏉ヨ,杩欎釜椤圭洰鐨勬渶澶т环鍊兼槸缁欎粬浠彁渚涗簡涓?釜瀛︿範鐨勫钩鍙?鍙互鍚稿彇缇庡浗鍙嶅瀯鏂墽娉曠殑鏈夌泭缁忛獙銆?br />
銆??杩欎釜椤圭洰鐨勬妧鏈?闈炲父寮?鍥犱负鍙嶅瀯鏂墽娉曟湰韬氨鏄竴涓妧鏈?闈炲父寮虹殑宸ヤ綔銆傛瘮濡傚浣曡瀹氬瀯鏂涓?濡備綍鍚戝彈瀹宠?鎻愪緵鏁戞祹,濡備綍鎷嗗垎涓?釜鏋勬垚鍨勬柇鐨勫叕鍙?绛夌瓑銆備粠璇剧▼涓婄湅,骞惰喘瀹℃煡涔熸槸涓浗瀹樺憳鎰熷叴瓒ｇ殑鍐呭銆?br />
銆??杩欎釜椤圭洰杩樺皢鍩硅涓浗瀹樺憳,甯姪浠栦滑浜嗚В濡備綍鎵嶈兘浣垮弽鍨勬柇娉曠殑鏉℃鍙婂叾鏈?粓鐨勫疄鏂界粏鍒欒兘澶熷緱鍒版渶浣充娇鐢?浠庤?淇冭繘绔炰簤,纭繚瀵规墍鏈夊競鍦哄弬涓庤?鐨勫叕骞炽?

銆??璺ㄩ儴闂ㄥ鏌ヨ鏈夋晥鐜?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?鍦ㄥ疄鏂借繖涓弽鍨勬柇娉曠殑鍩硅椤圭洰杩囩▼涓?鎺ュ彈鍩硅鐨勪腑鍥藉畼鍛樻渶鍏冲績鐨勬槸浠?箞?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?涓浗瀹樺憳浠殑鏈?ぇ鍥版儜鏄浣曚娇娉曞緥鐪熸杩愪綔璧锋潵銆備綘鐭ラ亾,涓浗鐨勫弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氭渶杩戝垰鎴愮珛,寰堝浜嬫儏绛夌潃浠栦滑鍘诲畬鎴愩?浠栦滑蹇呴』纭繚杩欓儴娉曞緥鑳藉瀵屾湁鍙搷浣滄?銆傛瘮濡?浠栦滑寰堝叧蹇冧笁涓弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯鐨勫唴閮ㄥ垎宸ュ崗璋冮棶棰?浠栦滑鐭ラ亾,蹇呴』纭繚閮ㄩ棬闂村崗璋冧竴鑷?鍚﹀垯鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勫疄鏂戒笉鍙兘鎴愬姛銆?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?浣犺涓轰腑鍥藉弽鍨勬柇鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯闂寸殑鍚堜綔,鍙兘鍑虹幇鍝柟闈㈢殑闂?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?浠庣洰鍓嶄粬浠殑鍒嗗伐鏉ョ湅,鍙戞敼濮旂杈栦环鏍煎瀯鏂?宸ュ晢鎬诲眬璐熻矗瀵规互鐢ㄥ競鍦烘敮閰嶅湴浣嶇殑鐩戠,鍟嗗姟閮ㄨ礋璐ｇ粡钀ヨ?闆嗕腑鐨勫鏌?鑰屽湪杩欎笁涓満鏋勪箣涓?鏄浗瀹跺弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氳礋璐ｅ崗璋冨拰缁熺銆備粠鐩墠鐨勫垎宸ユ潵鐪?鍙兘鏈変簺棰嗗煙浼氬彂鐢熸墽娉曟満鏋勪箣闂寸杈栨潈閲嶅彔鐨勬儏鍐点?

銆??鍦ㄦ垜鐪嬫潵,鏈?湁鍙兘鍙戠敓绠¤緰鏉冮噸鍙犵殑鏄晢鍔￠儴鍜屽伐鍟嗘?灞??婊ョ敤甯傚満鏀厤鍦颁綅鎰忓懗鐫?竴涓叕鍙告嫢鏈夊ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐨勫競鍦轰唤棰?鑰岀粡钀ヨ?闆嗕腑鏄袱涓叕鍙哥殑骞惰喘,骞惰喘鐨勭粨鏋滈?甯告槸鏂扮殑鍏徃鎷ユ湁鏀厤甯傚満鐨勫湴浣嶃?

銆??鍥犳,涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂鍛樹細鐨勪富浠诲皢闈复鎸戞垬銆備粬瑕佸崗璋冨ソ涓変釜鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯鐨勫伐浣?纭繚璺ㄩ儴闂ㄧ殑鍙嶅瀯鏂鏌ヨ兘澶熷瘜鏈夋晥鐜囥?

銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?閭ｅ湪杩欎釜鍩硅椤圭洰涓?涓浗鐨勫畼鍛樹滑鍙堣兘澶熷涔犲埌姝ゆ柟闈㈢殑浠?箞缁忛獙?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?缇庡浗涔熸湁涓や釜鍙嶅瀯鏂硶寰嬬殑鎵ц鏈烘瀯,鍒嗗埆鏄仈閭﹁锤鏄撳鍛樹細鍜屽徃娉曢儴銆傝仈閭﹁锤鏄撳鍛樹細鏇村鍦板叧娉ㄦ皯浜嬮鍩熺殑鎵ф硶,鑰屽徃娉曢儴涓昏鎵挎媴鍙嶅瀯鏂殑鍒戜簨绠¤緰鏉冦?鍥犳,涓浗鐨勪綋鍒舵湁鐐圭被浼间簬缇庡浗鐨勫鍥芥姇璧勫鏌ュ鍛樹細,鍦ㄨ繖涓鍛樹細涓嬮潰鏄壙鎷呬笉鍚岃亴鑳界殑鏀垮簻閮ㄩ棬,鍖呮嫭鍟嗗姟閮ㄣ?鑳芥簮閮ㄣ?璐㈡斂閮ㄣ?鍔冲姩閮ㄧ瓑銆?br />
銆??鏍规嵁澶栧浗鎶曡祫瀹℃煡濮斿憳浼氱殑杩愪綔缁忛獙,濡傛灉鍚勪釜閮ㄩ棬涔嬮棿鐨勮亴璐ｆ病鏈変氦鍙?灏变細杩愪綔寰楀緢椤哄埄銆備絾鏄洰鍓嶆潵鐪?涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂鍛樹細涓嬮潰鐨勪笁涓満鏋勮亴鑳芥槸鏈変氦鍙夌殑,鍥犳杩愪綔璧锋潵鍦ㄦ渶鍒濋樁娈靛彲鑳戒細鍑虹幇涓?簺闂銆傗?鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈婊ョ敤鈥濇潯娆鹃渶瑕佺粏鍖?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶绗簲鍗佷簲鏉¤瀹氫簡缁忚惀鑰呬笉寰楁互鐢ㄧ煡璇嗕骇鏉?鎺掗櫎銆侀檺鍒剁珵浜夈?鎹寰堝璺ㄥ浗鍏徃瀵硅繖鏉¤瀹氶兘寰堝叧鍒?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鍏充簬鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈婊ョ敤鍙湁涓?潯瑙勫畾,鎴戜滑鐨勪細鍛橀渶瑕佹洿澶氱粏鑺傘?娉曞緥蹇呴』鏄庣‘浠?箞鏄?婊ョ敤鈥?鍥犱负鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鐨勬湰璐ㄥ氨鏄瀯鏂殑,浜轰滑涔嬫墍浠ユ効鎰忔姇璧勪簬绉戞妧鍙戞槑,灏辨槸浠栦滑鍙互鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭椂闂村唴鍨勬柇鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈,鍚﹀垯鐨勮瘽,璋佽繕鎰挎剰鍘绘姇璧勫憿?

銆??缇庡浗鐨勫弽鍨勬柇娉曞緥骞舵病鏈夎繖涓瀹?鍥犱负瀹冨睘浜庝笓鍒╂硶鐨勫唴瀹广?浣嗙編鍥界殑涓撳埄娉曢噷闈㈢‘瀹炰篃瑙勫畾浜嗙姝㈢煡璇嗕骇鏉冩互鐢ㄧ殑鏉℃,缇庡浗绉疮浜嗚繖鏂归潰澶ч噺鐨勫垽渚?褰㈡垚浜嗗叧浜庘?婊ョ敤鈥濈殑瀹屾暣鍒ゆ柇浣撶郴銆傛垜浠湡寰呬腑鍥芥湁鏇村鐨勭珛娉曠粏鍒欐垨鍙告硶瑙ｉ噴鍑哄彴銆?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?搴旇鐢卞摢涓満鏋勮礋璐ｆ互鐢ㄧ煡璇嗕骇鏉冪殑瀹℃煡?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?杩欎篃鏄垜浠渶澶х殑鍥版儜涔嬩竴銆傛垜鍚埌鐨勮娉曟槸鐢辨硶闄㈢殑鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈搴垨鑰呭浗瀹剁煡璇嗕骇鏉冨眬璐熻矗,浣嗕粬浠嵈琚疆浜庡浗瀹跺弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氫箣澶栥?鎴戜滑璁や负濡傛灉灏嗚礋璐ｅ鏌ユ互鐢ㄧ煡璇嗕骇鏉冪殑鎵ф硶鏈烘瀯涔熺撼鍏ュ浗瀹跺弽鍨勬柇濮斿憳浼氱殑妗嗘灦鍐?鍙兘鏇翠负鍚堢悊銆?br />
銆??銆?1涓栫邯銆?浣犱滑鐨勬垚鍛樹紒涓氭槸鍚﹀鍙嶅瀯鏂硶鐨勫疄鏂芥劅鍒版媴蹇?

銆??鍚夎帿鏇?鎴戞兂鎴戜滑鐨勬垚鍛樹紒涓氬苟涓嶆媴蹇冭繖涓棶棰樸?鍥犱负鍑犱箮鎵?湁鐨勫叕鍙搁兘鏈変赴瀵岀殑鍏ㄧ悆杩愪綔鐨勭粡楠屻?浠栦滑鐨勭粡钀ヨ涓哄凡缁忚璇佹槑绗﹀悎澶у鏁板浗瀹舵秷璐硅?鐨勫埄鐩?缁忓彈浜嗗緢澶氬浗瀹舵硶寰嬪埗搴︾殑鑰冮獙銆傚洜姝?鎴戜滑鐩镐俊鑷繁鐨勭粡钀ヨ涓烘槸瑙勮寖鐨勩?

銆??褰撶劧,鎴戜滑涔熷緢鍏冲績涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂硶瑙勫畾鐨勬硶寰嬩箟鍔℃槸鍚︿笌娆х編鐨勬硶寰嬩笉鍚?濡傛灉鏄?閭ｄ箞鎴戜滑纭疄闇?鏀瑰彉涓?簺浼犵粺鐨勭粡钀ヨ涓轰簡銆?br />
銆??涓浗鍙嶅瀯鏂鍛樹細涓嬮潰鐨勪笁涓満鏋勮亴鑳芥槸鏈変氦鍙夌殑,鍥犳杩愪綔璧锋潵鍦ㄦ渶鍒濋樁娈靛彲鑳戒細鍑虹幇涓?簺闂銆?br />






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PLM on the 411

Many businesses sell products made in other companies have already received good results, now instead decided to sell their manufactured products. According to a study by AC Nielsen in 2005, the exclusive U.S. retail brand products accounted for 16%, 7% higher than the same period last year. Research shows that in 2005 global sales of proprietary brand products increased 5%, the growth rate of manufacturer brands more than double the 2%.

There is no doubt, know the area of trademark products business opportunities. But when business began to manufacture products, all kinds of new problems follow. They must develop, design products and their packaging, look for raw materials and manufactured or assembled products; addition, we must see whether the products were delivered to distribution centers and customer service. This need to create and manage a huge number of information, especially when the product or supply chain involves many complex or the number of products.

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) software dedicated to provide help in this area. According to AMR Research in Boston, Mike Burkett, vice president say, most PLM applications provide the following five functions: data management, assist in product design, supply chain management, tracking market trends and the overall product portfolio management.

Parametric Technology Corp. (PTC) is located in Needham, Massachusetts's PLM solution provider, the company's solutions, said Tom Shoemaker, vice president of marketing, even though these are not new applications, but PLM them into a common framework in. Moreover, PLM solutions for more than a database management application easy to use; some very complex database management application, the user must reach the level of the database expert to retrieve information. Dassault Systemes is located in Westford, Massachusetts, developer of PLM solutions, the company's technical marketing manager, said Lance Murphy, PLM software "simplify data management."

Thus, PLM can greatly reduce the time came. PLM application developer Agile Software Co. Found that, in general, consumer goods companies through the implementation of PLM solutions can be reduced by about 30% of the product launch cycle. Murphy added that some need a lot of duplication of design technology products, can reduce up to 60% of the product development cycle. (...)

Obviously, shortening time to market for new products to reduce product development costs, but also increase revenue. Because the company can be more efficient to follow the market-oriented and timely introduction of new products, which is not outdated.

PLM applications

Karsten Manufacturing Co. Located in Phoenix, with its Ping brand golf equipment is known. The company successfully launched in 2000, a 3 iron and TiSL wood. Even so, management is still worried about the launch of new products fast enough, director / project manager Dan Shoenhair said, "If you can not achieve a breakthrough on a regular basis, we are faced with bankruptcy."

But Karsten improve the company the number of new products each year before the management needs to reduce the time from conception to launch. At that time, the company's ability to engineer the traditional computer-aided design (CAD) system constraints, leading to changes in product design aspects in the design process is often delayed, thus reducing development time.

To reverse this situation, Karsten's management has taken several steps, including the implementation of PLM software and turn lean manufacturing processes. PTC's PLM application for managing the design and manufacturing information. If the designer modify the engineering drawings, through the PLM system to access the document to all staff can see the latest version. And because the provision of information electronically, so updates and access functions are to be improved.

Karsten's PLM system tested in 2001, the circumstances have to allow a less experienced engineers to monitor the i3 + Wedge development. With PLM applications, this novice and his colleagues in five days time will simulate four new wedge. It takes about two months ago.

Karsten company accelerating the pace of product introduction. In 2001, the company has two new product lines available. By 2006 that figure jumped to 15, accounting for 85% of annual income. Introduction of new products from concept to commercial application time from 24 months in 2001 shortened to 9 months in 2006. In addition, from 2001 to 2006, the number of engineers from 65 to 67, only slightly.

Karsten same time as the introduction of several operational reforms, it is difficult to pinpoint what results can be attributed to PLM. However, by helping to manage product information and promote cooperation among employees, PLM great tribute to the improvement of Karsten's operation, Shoenhair said.

Benefit

Burkett, AMR Research, said so far, most companies use PLM has more than 1,000 multinational customers large enterprises. Indeed, PLM is the first in the automotive manufacturing and heavy industry into use. Companies in these industries must manage large amounts of data related to all products, while to see if all departments are using the latest version of the product information.

Applications are now being food, beverage, consumer packaged goods and apparel industries extension. PTC's Shoemaker suggested that while the processes and products of these industries as commercial aircraft design less complex, but still very cumbersome. "Despite the various different industries, but the problems are the same: heavy pressure and dazzling configurations. But you need to head from the fish to find the source of raw material mix."

Therefore, the size of the company is no longer a decision by the company can benefit from PLM solutions, the main factor. Several other factors also come into play, located in San Jose, California, Agile vice president of corporate strategic industry Sarvesh Jagannivas said. These factors include the production of their products and manufacturing process complexity, product variety and product life-cycle duration. The more complex the process, product line diversity and sketch maps will be more and more present, the product from design to updating the shorter the time, and PLM applications provide the more revenue. In this environment, manual management information and processes does not work, Jagannivas said.

PLM solutions for product design and manufacturing involves a number of locations particularly useful. For example, the design and manufacture a variety of slot machines and video player of Bally Technologies Inc., its design departments throughout the United States, India, France, Britain and other countries and regions. "We need to maintain the leading edge." Guna Rajendran said that he is the information technology sector, a PLM project manager, the company is located in Las Vegas. "This requires close cooperation project participants, regardless of whether there is time difference between them."

While Rajendran joined Bally since 2005, the company is already in use PLM system, but employees did not make full use of. Product information dissemination in various local systems, it is difficult to determine where the latest data. Through the implementation of Agile's PLM applications, Bally staff to shorten the new product design and time to market. This is especially applicable to small projects, for example, to slot machines, so that it can accept different currencies. On such projects, the average available time from three to four months to six to eight weeks.

"PLM's biggest advantage is the dissemination of information throughout the company," Rajendran said, "Anyone who needs information to obtain the latest information anytime, anywhere."

PLM in the proper position to

However, before you enjoy the benefits of PLM system, you may need to convert the information in a variety of legacy systems to PLM applications. For large companies, this is the implementation of enterprise-class, Rajendran said. "If the plan is not comprehensive, it could lead to negligence."

Most companies began to enter or import all the company's operations are currently the most important information, Dassault Systemes's Murphy said. Since then, they may convert historical information. However, if this information is only used for archival purposes and not used for current operations, many companies might put it beyond PLM applications.

Can bulk import, depending on the existence of the data format. Typically, in conventional applications (such as Microsoft Word) in the use of information, we can achieve bulk import. Similarly, often can be PLM applications with enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integration, and then directly into ERP data, Murphy said. On the other hand, if the data is not a standard format (for example, including product drawings, handwritten notes), you must manually enter.

Most of PLM solutions by application service provider (ASP) or purchase access. Some companies also offer a modular version of the PLM. This is Freeborders San Francisco's approach to technology solution providers, said Debbie Baldini, general manager of the retail business. Freeborders module package includes an online demo drawing board applications (different departments can use it to share design concepts) and material procurement of a management application. Although applications are modular, they are available through a library of public information work.
Most PLM implementation requires several months to several years, although have heard some small companies can be up and running within a few weeks, Murphy said. Unless the PLM system is extremely complex, it would often be no need to purchase additional hardware, he added.

PLM application and implementation of the necessary inputs are the time required may vary greatly. xLM Solutions (a software consulting firm located in Detroit) president Marc Young listed the following assumptions: for example, a medium-sized companies need to purchase 20 permits;

15-day stay assigned to the regular system of specific engineer, and the rest in that users do not need special permission (such as procurement agent) to share between. About 3,000 dollars for each license required. Company expects to spend in the implementation process needs to 50,000-60,000 dollars for consulting services. This total investment needs 110,000-120,000 dollars. Larger implementation may take several hundred thousand to several million dollars. Shoemaker said, PTC's PDMLink on Demand cost per user of about 125 U.S. dollars per month. Needs to offer 12,500 U.S. dollars in start-up costs.

Not a panacea

PLM is not a problem for all product life cycle universal solution. Although its name is Product Lifecycle Management, PLM application actually engaged in product design and development phase, rather than the entire life cycle, Patrick Ogawa said. He is Infosys Technologies Ltd. (A consulting firm in Fremont, California) retail and consumer packaged foods, Assistant Vice President. "PLM range of products designed from the beginning to the ending of the items into the store." Therefore, if a customer needs a product with the expected different, PLM systems can not be completed alone.
In addition, most PLM applications can not handle very well lean manufacturing operations, Karsten's Shoenhair said. "Their individual mandates are more interested in process than on." For example, PLM application does not point out that the location of the bottleneck tasks.
Nevertheless, many have implemented PLM solutions, the company is still strongly advocated it. Bally's Rajendran said: "PLM is an effective tool through which comprehensive understanding of the product, the product is vital to the company."

Six steps to achieve a successful PLM

To ensure that your product lifecycle management solutions for the smooth implementation, please bear in mind the following recommendations:
鈥?Identification of business issues and causes, AMR Research's product lifecycle management, said Mike Burkett, vice president.
鈥?determine how to solve these problems PLM, PLM solutions, Dassault Systemes technology developer marketing manager Lance Murphy said. This can be targeted to complete the project.
鈥?won the senior management of the PLM support. Game maker Bally Technologies of the PLM project manager Guna Rajendran said, "It can promote the project in the right direction." From the IT sector support is also very important because you will need them to assist in the implementation.
鈥?the establishment of a committee composed of all parties, the software consulting company xLM Solutions president Marc Young said. The team should include product development and information systems experts, and they have the ability to analyze the possibilities and make decisions.
鈥?to accept the changes brought about PLM, Young says. For example, many companies have designed ways to ID parts. As the PLM allows you to part with their property associated with this numbering system may no longer need.
鈥?gradual implementation of the deployment of up to success. Karsten Manufacturing Co. On its Ping brand golf equipment, the implementation of the PLM data warehouse application, the competent project / business manager Dan Shoenhair said. The company enabled workflow management applications to employees before they start to use it. Shoenhair and his colleagues spent a total of 18 months to implement PLM, allow people to become familiar with the system. - KMK

Part of the PLM software provider

Agile Software Co. Www.agile.com
Arena Solutions www.arenasolutions.com Centric Software www.centricsoftware.com Dassault Systemes www.3ds.com
Formation Systems www.formationsystems.com
Freeborders www.freeborders.com Parametric Technology Corp. Www.ptc.com ProductDossier www.productdossier.com Sinex Solutions www.sinexsolutions.com Truereq www.truereq.com
UGS PLM Solutions www.ugs.com
www.primemediabusiness.com

Karen M. Kroll, living in Minnetonka, Minnesota, who has Business Finance, Inc., And the American Way and other publications writer.

About Agile Software Corporation

Agile Software Corporation (Nasdaq 锔?AGIL) helps companies drive profits, accelerate innovation, reduce costs and ensure product life cycle in its regulatory compliance. By a broad suite of enterprise class PLM solutions, in the initial stage the weight of production schedule, and a unique Guaranteed Business Results program, Agile helps companies get the most from their products. Alcatel, Boeing, Dell Inc., Flextronics International, GE Medical, Haemonetics, Hitachi, Johnson & Johnson, Leapfrog , Lockheed Martin, Magna Steyr, Siemens, QUALCOMM and ZF, etc. more than 1200 customers in the automotive, aerospace and defense, consumer packaged goods, electronics, high tech, industrial products and life sciences industries that have licensed Agile solutions aware of the powerful influence and achieve results. want to learn more For more information, please call inquiry. +886.2.26271010 or on www.chinese.agile.com
Cimmetry Systems, Inc. in Graphic view annotation software (Visualization & Collaboration Solution) solutions for the global A / E / C engineering, manufacturing, and electronics engineering industry market leader. AutoVue viewing, markup and collaboration applications solution supports file hundreds of file formats: 3D CAD parts and assembly, such as parts, 2D CAD drawings, PCB (Printed circuit board) / IC composition layout, scanning, and stencil files, source files, office documents and graphics. AutoVue has Many leaders of the copy integrated management (DMS), Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solution.

Thousands of companies worldwide choose Cimmetry collaborative video solutions. Cimmetry product support five languages including: English, French, German, Japanese and Korean, the current through the global value-added distributors (Value Added Resellers) selling to do, For more information go to; www.cimmetry.com






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